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P&P #44 Newton's Laws Would Appear To Be Incorrectly Applied By Many Sports Scientists.

We often hear the following:

Newton I: Any body will remain at rest or in its state of constant motion unless acted on by an outside force.

Is this always true for biological organisms? How can we state a law by referring to 'force' when the term 'force' has not yet been defined? Certainly, Newton's 2nd Law would appear to define force, but even then how can we state Newton I before stating and understanding Newton II?
Newton II: Force = mass times acceleration (F = m.a).

Newton actually did not state his 2nd Law in this way - he actually referred to rate of change of momentum of a body. Can anyone quote the original form of this law and state why it should still be used to avoid many of the errors caused by simplistically quoting the derived form F = m.a? Remember that this latter form refers to an object where conservation of mass applies. Comments regarding open and closed systems may also be appropriate in your answer.
Newton II: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

How does this apply to rotating bodies which happen to collide? Also, does this law refer to an object which is moving because of its existing momentum (or kinetic energy) or because it is still being propelled by the ongoing action of a force. Does this law apply to the collision between two bodies which are totally non-elastic and dissipative of applied forces?

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