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APAS/Gait Supported Analysis Methods (Marker Sets)
To process an APAS .3d file with APAS/Gait, please make sure
that all necessary markers/points are present. The following table gives an overview of
the markers/points needed for each method (marker set).
Check here for some
references. Here for a background on
the calculations.
Marker Set |
These markers/points must be present |
Helen Hayes Hospital |
SACR, RASIS, LASIS, RTHI_W, LTHI_W,
RLCON, LLCON, RTIB_W, LTIB_W, RLMAL, LLMAL, RMT, LMT, RGTRO, LGTRO, RHEEL,
LHEEL |
Helen Hayes Modified |
SACR, RASIS, LASIS, RTHI_W, LTHI_W,
RLCON, LLCON, RTIB_W, LTIB_W, RLMAL, LLMAL, RMT, LMT, RHEEL, LHEEL |
Keith Vaughan Original |
SACR, RASIS, LASIS, RGTRO, LGTRO, RLCON,
LLCON, RTTUB, LTTUB, RLMAL, LLMAL, RMT, LMT, RHEEL, LHEEL |
Keith Vaughan Modified |
SACR, RASIS, LASIS, RTHI_W, LTHI_W,
RLCON, LLCON, RTIB_W, LTIB_W, RLMAL, LLMAL, RMT, LMT, RHEEL, LHEEL |
Two Camera Joint Center Estimation |
RMT, R.ANKLE, R.KNEE, R.HIP, LMT, L.ANKLE, L.KNEE, L.HIP |
Two Camera Hybrid |
RMT, R.ANKLE, RTTUB, R.KNEE, R.HIP, RASIS, LMT,
L.ANKLE, LTTUB, L.KNEE, L.HIP, LASIS |
Summary of marker locations
Name |
Full
Name |
Detailed
Instructions |
SACR |
Sacrum |
Keep
the center of marker to be on the reversed direction of �i� vector
of pelvis LCS |
R, LASIS |
Ant.
Sup. Iliac spine |
Keep
the center of marker to be on the direction of �i� vector of pelvis
LCS |
R, LGTRO |
Greater
Trochanter |
On the
greater trochanter of femur |
R, LTHI_W |
Thigh
wand |
A stick marker on the
lower lateral thigh.
Should be on the plane
that is formed by hip join, knee joint and lateral epicondyle
marker. |
R, LTHI_L |
Thigh
lateral |
On the lateral thigh.
The plane formed by RTHI_A, hip joint center and knee joint center will be sagittal
plane of thigh. |
R, LTHI_A |
Thigh
anterior |
On the anterior thigh.
Should be on the plane
that is formed by hip join, knee joint and lateral epicondyle
marker. |
R, LLCON |
Lateral
Epicondyle |
On the center of lateral
epicondyle of femur.
You can find it more
easily if the subject�s knee flexed a little. |
R, LMCON |
Medial
Epicondyle |
Only for static trial.
On the center of medial
epicondyle of femur.
You can find it more
easily if the subject�s knee flexed a little. |
R, LTIB_W |
Tibial
wand |
A stick marker on the
upper lateral surface of lower leg.
Around upper 1/3 point
of fibular head to lateral malleolus, where is no tibial torsion
component. |
R, LTTUB |
Tibial
tuberosity |
On the
tibial tuberosity |
R, LFH |
Fibular
Head |
On the fibular head.
But 2 or 3cm inferior
to fibular head would be better to avoid merging with lateral
condyle marker |
R, LLMAL |
Lateral
Malleolus |
Center
of lateral malleolus |
R, LMMAL |
Medial
Malleolus |
Center
of medial malleolus |
R, LMT |
Head
of 2nd Metatarsal |
On the
second MT head |
R, LHEEL |
Heel |
On heel.
The line between RHEEL
and RMT should be parallel to the ground. To achieve this
condition
one should measure the thickness (height) of 2nd MT
head (=RMTHth). RHEEL should be above from
the ground with the amount of m_offset1+RMTHth. |
R, LANKLE |
Ankle (estimated) |
Estimated position of ankle
joint |
R, LKNEE |
Knee (estimated) |
Estimated position of knee
joint |
R, LHIP |
Hip (estimated) |
Estimated position of hip
joint |
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