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Published Research Articles

The following is a selected list of presentations and publications in which the Ariel Technology was utilized.

Animal Studies

Canine
Crustaceans
Equine
Feline
Squirrel

Computerized Exercise System (CES)

CES Accuracy
General

Medical

Biomechanics
Cerebral Palsy
Elderly
Electromyography (EMG)
Ergonomics
Gait and Posture
Leg Cycle Ergometry
Motor Control
Orthodontics
Orthopaedics
Physical Therapy
Prosthetics
Spinal Mechanics
Wheelchair

Motion Measurement

Accuracy
Computer
General
Graphics
Scientific/Modeling

Product Testing

Law Enforcement
Shoes
Steroid Research
Universal Gym

Space Applications

NASA

Sports

Aerobics
Baseball
Basketball
Cycling
Dance
Discus
Diving
Figure Skating
Football
Golf
Gymnastics
Hammer Throw
High Jumping
Javelin
Jumping
Long Jump
Pole Vault
Polo
Running
Shot Put
Skiing
Soccer
Sports Medicine/Science
Sports Performance
Swimming
Tennis
Track & Field
Volleyball
Weight Lifting


Canine

Shewfelt, R.; Kinematic Comparison of Treadmill and Overground Locomotion in Dogs. MVSc. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. 1995.

Crustaceans

COPP, N.H.and JAMON M.; Kinematics of rotation in place during defense turning in the crayfish, (Procambarus clarkii); Journal of Experimental Biology. February, 204(3):471-486. 2001.

JAMON M. and CLARAC F.; Locomotor patterns in freely moving crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii). Journal of Experimental Biology 198: 683-700. 1995.

Equine

Clayton, H.M., Hodson,E., Lanovaz,J.L. Colborne,G.R.; The hindlimb in walking horses: 2. Netjoint moments and joint powers. Equine Veterinary Journal. 33(1):44-48.  January 2001.

Hodson,E., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L.; The hindlimg in walking horses: 1. Kinematics and ground reaction forces.  Equine Veterinary Journal. 33(1):38-43.  January 2001.

Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L., Singleton, W. and Prades, M.;
Sagital Plane Motion Of The Pastern Joint During Trotting."; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Lanovaz, J.L. and Clayton, H.M.; Sensitivity Of Equine Fore Limb Swing Phase Inverse Dynamics Solutions To Errors In Inertial Parameters.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Khumsap, S., Clayton, H.M. and Lanovaz, J.L.; Effect Of Walking Velocity On Hind Limb Kinetics During Stance In Normal Horses.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Singleton, W.H., Lanovaz, J.L., Prades, M.L. and Clayton, H.M.; Swing Phase Net Joint Moments And Joint Powers Under Different Shoeing Conditions.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Arabian, A.K., Lanovaz, J.L. and Clayton, H.M.; Determination Of Mass And Center Of Mass Of The Equine Hoof Based On Morphological Measurements.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Kramer, K., Keegan K.G.*, Wilson D.A., Smith B.K. and Wilson D.J.; Kinematics Of The Equine Hindlimb In Trotting Horses After Induced Distal Tarsal Lameness And Distal Tarsal Anesthesia.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Keegan*, K.G., Wilson D.A., Smith B.K. and Wilson D.J.; Changes In Kinematic Variables Seen With Lameness Induced By Applying Pressure To The Frog And To The Toe In Adult Horses Trotting On A Treadmill.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Bialski D., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L., Littlefield, L. and Schott, H.C.; Postural Sway Analysis In The Horse.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Nicodemus, M.C., Lanovaz, J.L. and Clayton, H.M.; Comparison Of A Joint Coordinate System Versus A Global Coordinate System For Equine Kinematic Analysis.; Fourth International Workshop on Animal Locomotion; Vienna, Austria; May 24-26, 2000.

Argue, C.K.; The Kinematics of Piaffe, Passage and Collected Trot of Dressage Horses. Msc Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. 1994.

Argue, C.K. and Clayton, H.M.; A study of transitions between the trot and canter in dressage horses., Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 13, 171-174. 1993.

Argue, C.K. and Clayton, H.M.; A preliminary study of transitions between the walk and trot is dressage horses. Acta Anatomica 146, 179-182. 1993.

Balch, O., Clayton, H.M., Lanovaz, J.L.; Shoe-Weight induced changes in lower limb kinematic variables in trotting horses. Presented At: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Clayton, H.M.; Classification of collected trot, passage and piaffe using stance phase temporal variables. Presented At: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Clayton, H.M., Colborne, R.G. and Burns, T.; Kinematic analysis of successful and unsuccessful attempts to clear a water jump. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 18, 166-169. 1995.

Clayton, H.M., Burns, T.E.; Comparison between the temporal characteristics of the canter pirouette and the collected canter. Poster Presentation: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Clayton, H.M.; Effect of added weight on landing kinematics of the forelimbs in jumping horses. Poster Presentation: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Colborne G.R., Lanovaz, J.L., Sprigings, E.J. Schamhardt, H.C., Clayton, H.M.; Power flow in the equine forelimb. Presented At: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Colborne, G.R., Lanovaz, J.L., Sprigings, E.J., Schamhardt, H.C., Clayton, H.M.; Joint moments and power in the equine forelimb. Poster Presentation: Third International 'Workshop on Animal Locomotion." Saunier, France. May 1996.

Colborne, R.G., Clayton, H.M. and Lanovaz, J.; Factors that influence the generation of vertical velocity during take off in horses jumping a water jump., Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 18, 138-140. 1995.

Kasper, C.A., Clayton, H.M., Wright, A.K., Skuba, E.V. and Petrie, L.; The effect of high doses of oxytetracycline on metacarpophalangeal joint kinematics in neonatal foals., Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207, 71-73. 1995.

Keegan, K.G. DVM, MS; Wilson, D.J., PhD; Wilson, D.A. DVM, MS; Frankeny, R.L. VMD, MS; Loch, W.E. PhD; Smith, B. BS; Effects of anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves on kinematic gait analysis in horses with and without navicular disease., American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 58, pg 218-223, No. 3, March 1997.

Remedios, R.M., Clayton, H.M. and Skuba, E.; Femoral head excision arthroplasty using the vascularised rectus femoris muscle sling., Veterinary Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 7, 82-87. 1994.

Feline

Ariel, G.B.; A kinetic analysis of the trot in cats., Book of Abstracts International Conference on Neural Control of Locomotion., 1975.

Ariel, G.B.; Neural Control of Locomotion - A Kinetic Analysis of the Trot in Cats., Neural Control of Locomotion. pp. 759-762., Plenum Publishing Corp., 1976.

Squirrel

Essner, R.L.; Three Dimensional Launch Kinematics In Leaping, Parachuting And Gliding Squirrels., The Journal Of Experimental Biology, 205(16), pp. 2469-2477, August 2002.


CES Accuracy

Jacobs, I., Pope, J.; Measurement reproducibility and validity of a computerized system for muscle strength evalutaion., National Strength Conditioning Assoc. J., 8:28-33., 1986.

General

Ariel, G.B. Functional capacity assessment applications. Fifth Annual Scientific Sessions & Symposium,American Acadamy of Disability Evaluating Physicians November 14-16:, 1991.

Ariel, G.B. Biomechanics of Exercise Fitness. In: Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation, edited by Webster, J.G.,New York:John Wiley & Sons, p. 387-392. 1988.

Ariel, G.B. Biofeedback and biomechanics in athletic training. In: Biofeedback and Sports Science, edited by Sandweiss, J.H. and Wolf, S.F., Plenum Publishing Corp., p. 107-145. 1985.

Ariel, G.B. Resistive Training. Clin Sports Med 2:55-69, 1983.

Ariel, G.B.; Resistive Training, Clinics in Sports Medicine., pp. 55-70, W.B. Saunders Company, 1983.

Ariel, G.B.; Computerized dynamic resistive exercise., Biomechanics of Sports and Kinanthropometry. The International Congress of Physical Activity Sciences, 1977.

Ariel, G.B.; Computerized dynamic resistive exercise., Abstracts of the International Congress of Physical Activity Sciences, Quebec City, Canada, 1976.

Ariel, G.B.; Principles of ballistic motion in resistance exercise training., Track and Field Quarterly Review, 75: 58-61, 1975.

Ariel, G.B.; Variable resistance exercise: A biomechanical approach to muscular training., Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report, Uni-3, 1974.

Ariel, G.B.; Principles of ballistic motion in resistive exercise training. Scholastic Coach 43: 80-108, 1974.

Ariel, G.B.; Understanding the scientific basis behind variable resistance exercises., Fresno: Universal Athletic Sales, 1974.

Borondy, K. Computers can pinpoint athletes' weak areas. The Sunday Star-Ledger February 28:, 1988.

Computerized Biomechanical Analysis of the bench press and the leg press exercises., Universal Fitness Research Department, Technical Report Uni-2, 1974.

Computerized Exercise Equipment Helping Olympic Hopeful Bossett. The Coast Star May 21:, 1981.

Fischetti, M.A.; Body building goes high-tech., IEEE Spectrum., May 1985.

Exercise Goes Scientific. New Jersey Living 35, 1983.

Gates, R.D.; Muscles By Micro: The computerized exercise machine has added a sophisticated dimension to strength training., Coaching Review., January/February 1984.

Handling the G-forces with ease. Israel Air Force Magazine June:, 1991.

Hortobagyi, T. and Katch, F.I. Role of concentric force in limiting improvement in muscular strength. J Appl Physiol 68:650-658, 1990.

Hortobagyi, T. and Katch, F.I. Reliability of muscle mechanical characteristics for isokinetic and isotonic squat and bench press exercise using a multifunction computerized dynamometer. RQES 61:191-195, 1990.

Horobagyi, T., Katch, F.I., Katch, V.L., LaChance, P.F., and Behnke, A.R. Relationships of body size, segmental dimensions and ponderal equivalents to muscular strength in high-strength and low-strength subjects. Int J Sports Med 11:349-356, 1990.

Jacobs, I., Bell, D.G., and Pope, J. Comparison of isokinetic and isoinertial lifting tests as predictors of maximal lifting capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol 57:146-153, 1988.

Jacobs, I., Bell, D.G., Pope, J., and Lee, W. Effects of hydraulic resistance circuit training on physical fitness componants of potential relevance to +GZ tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 58:754-60, 1987.

Jacobs, I. and Pope, J. A computerized system for muscle strength evaluation: measurement reproducibility, validity and some normative data. NSCA J 3:28-34, 1986.

Katch, F.I., Freedson, P.S., Jones, P.A.; Evaluation of acute cardiorespiratory responses to hydraulic resistance exercise., Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 17: 168-173, 1985.

Loverock, P. The athlete of the future. Los Angeles Times Magazine March 19:12, 1989.

Rosenblum, E. Fitness center uses computer programs. Asbury Park Press April 7:, 1985.

Sale, D.G. Testing strength and power. In: Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete, edited by MacDougall, J.D., Wenger, H.A., and Green, H.J.,Champaign:Human Kinetics Books, 19,p. 21-38.

Smart, computer-guided strength training circuits. Fitness Management May:42, 1989.

Unknown; computers: The games robots play are revolutionizing tactics and training., Sports Mirror., August 1983.

Unknown; Electronics: Whips you into shape, Popular Mechanics, December 1981.

Walker, P.; The Exercise System Thinks For You., Body In Motion., October/November 1983.

Wolf, S.L., Ariel, G.B., Saar, D., Penny, M.A., and Railey, P. The effect of muscle stimulation during resistive training on performance parameters. Am J Sports Med 14:18-23, 1986.

Yessis, M., The Future Of Exercise Equipment., National Fitness Trade Journal., Winter 1983.

Biomechanics

Ariel, G.B., Biofeedback and biomechanics in athletic training. Biofeedback and Sports Science. pp.107-145. Plenum Publishing Corp.. 1985.

Ariel, G.B., Computer use for biomechanical analysis, data acquisition, and human-machine interface. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Volume III: 470-475, 1980.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the knee joint during deep knee bend with heavy load. Fourth International Seminar on Biomechanics Volume IV. The Pennsylvania State University, 1973.

Ariel, G.B., Analysis biomecanico de los mejores lanzadores do peso mundiales procesado mediante ordenador (1. parte). 1973 Madrid Congresos VI - I T F C A, 1973.

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanische analysen sprtlicher bewegungsablaufe mit hilfe von computen. Olympische Analysen. pp.147-149. Verlag Bartels & Wernitz KG. 1974.

Barkow, A.; The High Priest Of Biomechanics., USAIR Magazine, October 1981.

Bernstein, P.; Anatomy of a motion, Passages, 1982.

Bisheff, S.; Coto research center: Athletics goes digital., PSA Magazine, May 1982.

Kluger, J.; The Human Machine, Science Digest, June 1982.

Leivenberg, R.; Gideon Ariel Reigns Over Biomechanical Xanadu., Sport Style, Vol 4:2, January 25, 1982.

Ruby, D.; Biomechanics - how computers extend athletic performance to the body's far limit., Popular Science, January 1982.

Walker, P.; Coaching Olympians By Computer., Body In Motion., October/November 1983.

Cerebral Palsy

Derrick, T.R. and Hamill, J., Leg Posture Characteristics In Children With Cerebral Palsy During Walking And Running. Proceedings of NACOB II, Second North American Congress on Biomechanics August 24 - 28:317-318, 1992.

Elderly

Prassas, S., Rominger, A. & Barber, C.; Effect of moderate exercise on gait kinematic parameters in the elderly. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29, 63-77. 1995.

Prassas, S. and Rominger, A. Effects of exercise on gait charecteristics in the elderly. Proceedings of NACOB II, Second North American Congress on Biomechanics August 24 - 28:393-394, 1992.

Electromyography

Andersson, E.L. Sward and A. Thorstensson; Trunk muscle strength in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20, 587-593. 1988.

Andersson, E.A., J. Nilsson, Z. Ma and A. Thorstensson; Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises. Eur J Appl Physiolo. In Press.

Andersson, E.A., Z Ma and A. Thorstensson; Relative EMG levels in training exercises for abdominal and hip flexor muscles. Scand J Rehab Med (Submitted).

Andersson, E.A., L. Oddsson, H Grundstrom and A. Thorstensson. The role of the psoas and iliacus muscles for stability and movement of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 5, 10-16. 1995.

Andersson, E.A., J. Nilsson and A. Thorstensson; Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion. Acta Physiol Scan. (Submitted).

Andersson, E.A., L.I.E. Oddsson, H. Grundstrom, J. Nilsson and A. Thorstensson. EMG activities of the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles during flexion-relaxation and other motor tasks. Clin Biomech 11, 392-400. 1996.

Andersson, E.A.; EMG and strength in trunk and hip muscles - Particularly the iliopsoas. Dissertation from the Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Human Biology, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Box 5626, S-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden. 1997.

Andersson, E.A., Grundstrom H., Thorstensson, A.; Diverging Activity Patterns in Deep Trunk Muscles during Trunk Rotations, XVIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics hosted by The Univesity of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, August 25-29, 1997.

Finch, A., Utilization Of Portable Real-Time EMG To Teach Neuromuscular Concepts, Presented at the XV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, June 20-28, 1997.

Ergonomics

Ariel, G.B.; Human Movement Analysis., Applied Ergonomics, 11: 61-62, 1980.

Gait and Posture

Tai Ryoon Han, M.D., Sun Gun Chung, M.D., Seong Jae Lee, M.D. and Shi Uk Lee, M.D.; Three Dimensional Motion Analysis of Medial Longitudinal Arch during Normal Stance Phase, J. of Korean Acad. of Rehab. Med., Vol. 19, No. 3, September, 1995.

Colborne, G.R., Naumann, S., Berbrayer, D., and Longmuir, P., Analysis Of Gait In Congenital Below-Knee Amputees: Comparison Of Sach And Seattle Feet. Proceedings of the International Symposium on 3-D Analysis of Human Movement August 28-31:, 1991.

Prassas, S., Rominger, A. & Barber, C.; Effect of moderate exercise on gait kinematic parameters in the elderly. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29, 63-77. 1995.

Prassas, S. and Rominger, A. Effects of exercise on gait charecteristics in the elderly. Proceedings of NACOB II, Second North American Congress on Biomechanics August 24 - 28:393-394, 1992.

Prassas, S., & Thaut, M.; Effects of music and rhythm on gait characteristics of normal individuals. Proceedings of the XV Annual meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, (pp. 264-265), Arizona State University, Tempe, AR. 1991.

Prassas, S. The Effects Of Muscular Fatigue Induced By A Sub-Maximal Exercise Test On Selective Kinematic Parameters Of Gait. Proceedings of the XIV Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics 18988:27762-31077, 1990.

Leg Cycle Ergometry

IN PROGRESS

Motor Control

Ariel, G.B.; A kinetic analysis of the trot in cats., Book of Abstracts International Conference on Neural Control of Locomotion., 1975.

Ariel, G.B.; Neural Control of Locomotion - A Kinetic Analysis of the Trot in Cats., Neural Control of Locomotion. pp. 759-762., Plenum Publishing Corp., 1976.

Orthodontics

IN PROGRESS

Orthopaedics

Ariel, G.B.; Intra-articular shearing factor during resistance exercises. Universal Fitness Research Department Technical Report Uni-4, 1974.

Green, D., Erickson, R. & Prassas, S.; Carpal bone displacement and associated position changes in transverse carpal ligament attachments during wrist ulnar deviation. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 28, 209-225. 1995.

Remedios, R.M., Clayton, H.M. and Skuba, E.; Femoral head excision arthroplasty using the vascularised rectus femoris muscle sling. Veterinary Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 7, 82-87. 1994.

Physical Therapy

Ariel, G.B., Body mechanics. In: Injuries to the Throwing Arm from the Proceedings of the National Conference Sponsored by the U S O C Sports Medicine Council, Philadelphia, 3-21, 1985.

Ariel, G.B.; Equipment Safety and Effectiveness., Therapeutics Through Exercise, pp. 197-201, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1979.

Walker, P.; Computers Use Physics to Prevent Injuries., Body In Motion., October/November 1983.

Prosthetics

IN PROGRESS

Spinal Mechanics

IN PROGRESS

Wheel Chair

Malone, L.A., Gervais, P., Baudin, J. P. and Steadward, R.D. (1996) Kinematics of free throw shooting by class 1.0 wheelchair basketball players. In T. Bauer (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 56-59.

Malone, L. Gervais, P.L., Burnham, R.S. and Steadward, R.B. (1996) The effects of wrist restraints on wheeling biomechanics. In J.M.C.S. Abrantes (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Madeira, Portugal, 541-543.

Accuracy

Wilson, DJ et al. (1999) Accuracy of digitization using automated and manual methods. Physical Therapy, 79, 558-564.

Wilson, DJ, Smith BK, Gibson, JK (1997) Accuracy of reconstructed angular estimates obtained with the Ariel Performance Analysis System.  Physical Therapy, 77, 1741-1747.

Finch, A., Ariel, G.B., and Penny, M.A., Innovative Calibration Procedure Used At The 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, Presented at the XV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, June 20-28, 1997.

Besser, M., Anton, N., Denny, M., and Quaile, S.; Criterion Validity Of The Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) For The Calculation Of Joint Angles Using APAS and GAITLAB Software. Presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Atlanta, Georgia. October 17-19, 1996.

Klein, P.J. & DeHaven, J.J.; Accuracy Of Three-Dimensional Linear And Angular Estimates Obtained With The Ariel Performance Analysis System. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76,(183-189). 1995.

McKenna, R.F., Chen, B., Hasson S.; Reproducibility And Accuracy Of Static Angle Measures With The Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS); Physical Therapy, Vol. 74, Number 5 (S55). May 1994.

Poliner, J., Wilmington, R.P., Klute, G.K., Micocci, A.; Evaluation Of Lens Distortion Errors In Video Based Motion Analysis. NASA Technical Paper 3266. 1993.

Wilmington, R.P.; Methodology Issues Concerning The Accuracy Of Kinematic Data Collection And Analysis Using The Ariel Performance Analysis System. NASA Contractor Report 185689. 1992.

Computer

Ariel, G.B., A Biomechanical Step Onto The Internet, Presented at the XIV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Funchal, Maderia, Portugal, 1996.

General

Condor, B.; The World According To Gideon., Sportwise New York., Vol. 6:6., September/October 1984.

Handy, H.; The Sporting Life., Gentry., February 1984.

Jacobs, C.; The Acrobatics Of Human Motion., Orange coast Magazine., August 1985.

Sheldon, K.; Olympic Coaching by Computer., In Cider., April 1984.

Slon, S.; Enter the computerized competitor: The dawn of a digital future for sports?., World Of Sports., July 1984.

Teich, M., Weintraub, P.; Out of the lab and into the stadium of ultra sports., OMNI Magazine., August 1985.

Wilson, K.; Touch Of Gold., Enter Magazine., July/August 1984.

Graphics

Ariel, G.B.; Computer Graphics and the U.S. Olympic Effort., Displays, 1: 215-219, 1980.

Unknown; Computer Picture Show., National Geographic World., Number 100, December 1983.

Scientific/Modeling

Ariel, G.B., Stivers, K., Vorobiev, A., Penny, M.A., Guskov, A., Yakunin, N.; Error Reduction In Kinematic Data Through Segment Length Normalization., XIVth International Society of Biomechanics Congress, Paris, France, July 1993.

Baudin, J.P., Gervais, P.; DyAna - For 3 Dimensional Analysis of Human Motion., XIII International Symposium on Biomechanics In Sports, Lakehead University, July 1995

Baudin, J.P., Gervais, P., Armstrong, W.W.; The Use Of Recursive Solutions For Dynamic Simulation Of Human Motion., In Landerit, B.(Ed.), Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium On Computer Simulation In Biomechanics., Montlignon, France, pp. BML 1-2 - 1-5. 1993.

Stivers, K.A., Ariel, G.B., Vorobiev, A., Penny, M.A., Gouskov, A., Yakunin,N.; Photogrammetric Transformation With Panning., XIVth International Society of Biomechanics Congress, Paris, France, July 1993.

Stivers, K.A., Ariel, G.B., Vorobiev, A.G., Wise, J., Probe, J.D.; Length Normalization For Rigid Body Movement., Second International Symposium On 3-D Analysis Of Human Movement., Poitiers, France., July 1993.

Stivers, K.A., Wise, J., Ariel, G.B., Vorobiev, A.G., Probe, J.D.; Modified Segment Length Normalization., Second International Symposium On 3-D Analysis Of Human Movement., Poitiers, France., July 1993.

Law

Gervais, P. and Baudin, J. P. (1995) The tactical baton, In K. Hakkinen, K.L. Keskinen, P. V. Komi & A. Mero (Eds.), Proceedings of the XVth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, (pp.316-317), Jyvaskyla, Finland.

Shoes

Ariel, G.B., The biomechanics of athletic shoe design. Medicine and Science in Sports. 7: 78 1975.

Ariel, G.B., The biomechanics of athletic shoe., American College of Sports Medicine., New Orleans, May 23, 1975.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of athletic shoe. 5th International Congress of Biomechanics Abstracts, P 5, Jyvaskyla, Finland, June 1975.

Ariel, G.B., Athletic shoe design. Modern Athlete and Coach, 15:4 7-9, 1977.

Biomechanics of Athletic Shoe Design. BIOMECHANICS V-B, International Series on Biomechanics, Volume 1B., pp. 361-367., University Park Press, 1995.

Cole, M.; Computer Helps Design Shoe That Walks On Air, Daily Hampshire Gazette, Vol.192, No.303, August 30, 1978.

Conniff, J.C.G.; Future Shoe., The Runner., March 1980.

Lloyd, S.; Computerized Footwear, Canadian Footwear Journal, August 1978.

Steroid Research

Ariel, G.B.; Anabolic Steroids: The Physiological Effects of Placebos., Track Technique, 46: 1470-1472, 1971.

Ariel, G.B.; Athletes Taking Placebo for Steroids Improve., Track and Field News, December 24, 1971.

Ariel, G.B.; Effect of Anabolic Steroids on Reflex Components., J. Applied Physiology, 32: 795-797, 1972.

Ariel, G.B.; Anabolic Steroids: The Physiologic Effects of Placebos., Medicine and Science, 4: 124-126, 1972.

Ariel, G.B.; Anabolic Steroids and Muscle Contractile Force., Track Technique, 48: 1534-1536, 1972.

Ariel, G.B.; The Effect of Anabolic Steroid (Methandrostenolene) Upon Physiological Parameters., Athletic Training, 7: 190-200., 1972.

Ariel, G.B.; Anabolic Steroids - A Summary of Related Literature., Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 48-58, 1973.

Ariel, G.B.; Anabole Steride: Die Physiologischen Wirkungen von Placebos., Leistungssporrt, 1.73: 52-55, 1973.

Ariel, G.B.; Anabole Steroid und die Muskelkontraktionskraft., Leistungssport, 1.73: 55-57, 1973.

Ariel, G.B.; The Effect of Anabolic Steroid Upon Skeletal Muscle Force., J. Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 13: 187-190, 1973.

Ariel, G.B.; Prolonged Effects of Anabolic Steroid Upon Muscular Contractile Force., Medicine and Science in Sports, 6: 62-64, 1974.

Ariel, G.B.; The Effect of Anabolic Steroids on Muscular Force., Track and Field Quarterly Review., 73: 184-191, 1973.

Ariel, G.B.; Residual Effect of an Anabolic Steroid Upon Isotonic Muscular Force., J. Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.

Ariel, G.B.; Effect of Anabolic Steroid Upon Human Physical Performance., Xxth World Congress in Sport Medicine Handbook, Melbourne, Australia, 1974.

Ariel, G.B.; Physiologische Wirkungen von Anabolen Steroiden., Olympische Analysen, Berlin: Verlag Bartels & Wernitz KG, pp. 154-155, 1974.

Universal Gym

Ariel, G.B., Understanding the scientific basis behind our Universal Centurion. 1974.

NASA

Bagian, J.P., Schafer, L.E., Probe, J.D., Greenisen, M.C., Krutz, R.W. Jr.; Reach Performance While Wearing the Space Shuttle Launch and Entry Suit During Exposure to Launch Accelerations., SAE 20th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, Williamsburg, Virginia, July 1990.

Bishu, R.R., Klute, G., Investigation Of The Effects Of Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Gloves On Performance., NASA Technical Paper 3401, October 1993.

Bishu, R.R., Klute, G., Force-Endurance Capabilities Of Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Gloves At Different Pressure Levels., NASA Technical Paper 3420, December 1993.

Greenisen, M.C., et al.; Two Techniques For Measuring Locomotion Impact Forces During 0-g., FASEB J. Abstracts Part II, 6(5): A1770, 1992a.

Greenisen, M.C., Walton, M., Bishop, P., Squires, W.; Techniques For Determination Of Impact Forces During Walking And Running In A Zero-G Environment., NASA Technical Paper 3159., January 1992b.

Harris, B.A., & Siconolfi, S.F., (Editors), Workshop On Countering Space Adaptation With Exercise: Current Issues, Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration held at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX., pp 1-97., 1989.

Probe, J.D.; Quantitative Assessment of Human Motion Using Video Motion Analysis System, Third Annual Workshop on Space Operations Automation and Robotics, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. July 1989.

Rajulu, S.L., Klute, G.K., A Comparison of Hand Grasp Breakaway Strengths and Bare-Handed Grip Strengths Of The Astronauts, SML III Test Subjects, and The Subjects From The General Population., NASA Technical Paper 3286, January 1993.

Rajulu, S.L., Poliner, J., Klute, G.K., Loads Produced By A Suited Subject Performing Tool Tasks Without The Use Of Foot Restraints., NASA Technical Paper 3424, December 1993.

Smith, R.A., et al.; A Comparison Of Locomotion Impact Forces: One-g vs. Zero-g., FASEB J. Abstracts Part II, (6)5: A1770, 1992.

Wilmington, R.P., Stanley, D.C., Space Suit Donning Volumetric Evaluations, Lockheed Technical Paper 30439 (JSC 26019), August 1992.

Aerobics

Teriet, C.R. and Finch, A., Efects Of Varied Tempos And Volumes On Vertical Impact Forces Produced In Step Aerobics, Presented at the XV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, June 20-28, 1997.

Baseball

Tai Ryoon Han, M.D., Sang Kyu Kim, M.D., Moon Jib Yoo, M.D., Sun Gun Chung, M.D., Shi Uk Lee, M.D. and Seong Jae Lee, M.D.; Kinematic Analysis of Throwing Motion of Korean Professional Baseball Pitchers, The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol 14, No. 1, January 1996.

Tai Ryoon Han, M.D., Moon Jib Yoo, M.D., Sun Gun Chung, M.D. and Seong Jae Lee, M.D.; Three Dimensional Batting Motion Analysis of Korean Professional and College Baseball Players, The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol 14, No. 1, January 1996.

Indians Going Hi-Tech This Season, San Diego Union Tribune, February 28, 1992.

Basketball

Malone, L.A., Gervais, P., Baudin, J. P. and Steadward, R.D. (1996) Kinematics of free throw shooting by class 1.0 wheelchair basketball players. In T. Bauer (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 56-59.

Malone, L. Gervais, P.L., Burnham, R.S. and Steadward, R.B. (1996) The effects of wrist restraints on wheeling biomechanics. In J.M.C.S. Abrantes (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Madeira, Portugal, 541-543.

Cycling

Matheny, F., Spin Doctor: This Cycling Scientist Has Created The World's Most Advanced Way To Find And Fix Pedaling Problems, Bicycling Magazine, pp. 63-67, April 1993.

Unknown; The Huffy Project: Biomechanical Analysis Of The Start., BMX Action Magazine., June 1985.

Dance

IN PROGRESS

Discus

Ariel, G.B., Finch, A., and Penny, M.A., Biomechanical Analysis of Discus Throwing At The 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, Presented at the XV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, June 20-28, 1997.

Diving

Unknown; Can Computers Win Gold Medals?., New Scientist, pp. 282-284., July 1980.

Figure Skating

Lockwood, K.L., Gervais, P. and Baudin, J. P. (1996) Kinematic characteristics of impact absorption during the landings of multi-revolution jumps in figure skating. In T. Bauer (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 236-239.

Lockwood, K.L. and Gervais, P. (1995) Quantification of impact forces upon landing single, double and triple revolution jumps in figure skaters, In K. Hakkinen, K.L. Keskinen, P. V. Komi & A. Mero (Eds.), Proceedings of the XVth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, (pp. 566-567), Jyvaskyla, Finland.

Football

IN PROGRESS

Golf

Finch, A., Ariel, G.B., and Penny, M.A., Comparison Of Putting Kinematics When Using A Traditional Blade Putter And A Putter Prototype, Presented at the XV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Texas Women's University, Denton, Texas, June 20-28, 1997.

Ariel, G.B., Saar, D., and Penny, M.A. Biomechanical analysis of golf swing. Unpublished Study Prepared for Wilson Sporting Good Co. , 1986.

Barkow, A.; The Perfect Swing, Golf Magazine, pg 56., October 1978.

Greenwald, E.J., Feroah, A.P., and Edwards, D.E. Improving golfing performance. Journal of Modern Health,Reno Edition Spring:, 1991.

Greenwald, E.J. and Feroah, T.P. Perfecting your golf swing. Journal of Modern Health Summer:, 1991.

Lee, J. Golfers can swing into computer age. Asbury Park Press March 28:, 1987.

Neal, R.J. and Wilson, B.D. 3D kinematics and kinetics of the golf swing. Int J Sport Biomechanics 1:221-232, 1985.

Reinman, T.R. Computerized swing shows human error. San Diego Union-Tribune February 9,:, 1992.

Richards, J., Farrell, M., Kent, J., and Kraft, R. Weight transfer patterns during the golf swing. RQES 56:361-365, 1985.

The bionic swing. Golf Magazine June:, 1985.

Trent, J. Using technology on the tee. Reno - Gazette Journal June:, 1991.

Whitlow, J. Analysis of golf swing reveals high risk of lower back injury. The Sunday Star-Ledger May:, 1990.

Gymnastics

Gervais, P.; Analysis of the Double Back Salto Dismount from the Parallel Bars, XVIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics hosted by The Univesity of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, August 25-29, 1997.

Park, S.S. & Prassas, S.; A comparative analysis of the triple backward somersault and the double backward somersault on the high bar. In A. Barabas & G. Fabian (Eds.), Biomechanics in Sports XII, (pp. 252-254), ISBS, Budapest-Siofok, Budapest. 1995.

Prassas, S.; Technique analysis of the back toss on the parallel bars performed by elite gymnasts. In A. Barabas & G. Fabian (Eds.), Biomechanics in Sports XII, (pp. 249-251),ISBS, Budapest-Siofok, Budapest. 1995.

Prassas, S.; Reverse heckt (Tkachev) on the horizontal bar: a case study. In M. Nosek,D. Sojka, W. Morrison & P. Susanka (Ed), Biomechanics in Sports VIII, (pp. 141-144), ISBS, Prague, Chechoslovakia. 1991

Hammer Throw

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical analysis of hammer throw. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 80: 41-51, 1980.

High Jumping

Ariel, G.B., The ultimate in high jump performance. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 77: 59-61, 1977.

DeWit, B., De Clercq, D., The Influence Of An Increased Take-Off On Mechanical And Kinesiological Variables In High Jumping. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Symposium Of Biomechanics In Sport, In Press.

Javelin

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical analysis of javelin throw. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 80: 9-17, 1980.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of throwers at the 1975 Olympic Javelin Camp. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 76: 45-50, 1976.

Ariel, G.B., Javelin throw: computer biomechanical analysis. Track Technique, 54: 1726-1928, 1973.

Jumping

Aerts, P., DeVree, F., De Clercq, D., External Versus Internal Power Distribution In Jumping Bushbabies. Abstracts Annual Meeting Of The Society For Experimental Biology, St. Andrews, p.32, 1995.

Finch, A., Santiago, J.; Comparison of vertical ground reaction forces at impact while vertical jumping using soft and pretensed landing mechanics., Proc3eedings 15th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference., Dayton, OH. 1996.

Long Jump

Ariel, G.B., Body aerodynamics: contribution to long jump performance. Track & Field Quarterly Review, 92: 11-13, 1992.

Ariel, G.B., Two world's best long jumps: comparative biomechanical analysis. Track & Field Quarterly Review, 92: 6-10, 1992.

Guskov, A., Vorobiev, A., Ariel, G.B., Body Aerodynamics: Contribution To Long Jump, Presented at the X International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Milan, Italy, 1992.

Vorobiev, A., Ariel, G.B., Ter-Ovanessian, I.; Long Jump Technique: Power Or Speed?, XIVth International Society of Biomechanics Congress, Paris, France, July 1993.

Pole Vault

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault record. Sport in the Modern World. pp.310-312. Springer - Verlag. 1974.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault. Proceedings to the Scientific Congress, Munich Olympic Games, 1972.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 72: 217-222, 1972.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world pole vault. Proceedings to the scientific Congress, Munich Olympic Games, 1972.

Polo

Unknown; The High-Tech Swing., Polo Magazine., May 1985.

Running

Aerts, P., DeClercq, D.; Deformation Characteristics Of The Heel Region Of The Shod Foot During A Simulated Heel Strike: The Effect Of Varying Midsole Hardness. J. Sport Sciences, 11:449-461, 1993.

Aerts., P., Ker, R.F., DeClercq, D., Ilsley, D.W., The Effect Of Isolation On The Mechanics Of The Human Heel Pad. J. Anatomy, 1996.

Aerts, P., Ker, R.F., De Clercq, D., Ilsley, D.W., Alexander, R.McN.; The Mechanical Properties Of The Human Heel Pad: A Paradox Resolved. J.Biomechanics, 28: 1299-1308, 1995.

De Clercq, D., Aerts, P., Kunnen, M.; The Mechanical Characteristics Of The Human Heel Pad During Foot Strike In Running: An In Vivo cineradiographic Study. J. Biomechanics, 27: 1213-1222, 1994.

DeWit, B., DeClercq, D., Lenoir, M.; The Effect Of Varying Midsole Hardness On Impact Forces And On Foot Motion In The Frontal Plane During Running. J. Applied Biomechanics, 11: 395-406, 1995.

Rutstein, N., In Search Of The Optimal Sprint, The New Englander, May 1977.

Shot Put

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical analysis of shot putting. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 79: 27-37, 1980.

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical analysis of the shot-put utilizing the center of gravity displacement. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 207-210, 1973.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of the world's best shot-putters. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 73: 199-206, 1973.

Skiing

Vatchev, O.M., Kinematic Analysis Of The Knee Extension In Collegiate Slalom Skiers With Different Velocities During Initiation Of Weight Transfer.  University of Nevada, Reno, Master of Science Thesis, 1999.

Soccer

Prassas, S., Terauds, J. & Nathan, T.; Three dimensional kinematic analysis of high and low trajectory kicks in soccer. In M. Nosek, D. Sojka, W. Morrison & P. Susanka (Ed), Biomechanics in Sports VIII, (pp. 145-149), ISBS, Prague, Chechoslovakia. 1991.

Sports Medicine/Science

Ariel, G.B.; The effect of muscle stimulation during resistive training on performance parameters., American Journal of Sports Medicine, 14: 18. 1986.

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical aspects of Olympic sports medicine. Clinics in Sports Medicine. pp.31-36. W.B. Sauders Company. 1983.

Petty, R.; MD aims to improve nation's health using Olympic athletes as 'walking fitness labs.', American Medical News, August 1977.

Whieldon, D; Biomechanics: Space-Age Sportsmedicine., The Physician And Sportsmedicine., Vol 7:5., May 1979.

Unknown; The Man Behind The Computer of The U.S. Olympic Sports Medicine Committee., Scholastic Coach Magazine., January 1983.

Sports Performance

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine, Congress Proceedings, 71-79, 1975.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. Biomechanics of Sport. pp.228-229. 1975.

Ariel, G.B., Method for biomechanical analysis of human performance. Research Quarterly, 45: 72-79, 1974.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. XXth World Congress in Sports Medicine Handbook, Melbourne, Australia, 1974.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of human performance. Mechanics and Sport. Vol 4, pp.267-275. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1973.

Ariel, G.B., Computer application biomechanical analysis of human performance in sport and industry. Canadian Congress of Sport and Physical Activity, Abstracts, October: 1973.

Astor, G.; How To Know A Perfect Performance When You See One., Esquire, Vol 86 No.1, Whole No. 512., July 1976.

Barry., D.F.; Go For The Gold., A+ Magazine., Vol 2:8., August 1984.

Coffrant, F.; Biomechanics in the service of athletes., Olympic Review., May 1980.

Cole, M.; Can The Computer Create Superstars?, New England Sports Guide, July 1976.

Gordis, K.K.; The Wizard And His Magical Machines: Gideon Ariel Puts The Computer To The Service Of Sport, Bicycling, July 1976.

Gustkey, E.; My Coach, The Computer., The Miami Herald., March 1980.

Johnston, A.; Enhanced Sport Performance, The Advocate, Baton Rouge, LA. January 28, 1992.

Kessler, J; Anything you can do, Computer whiz Gideon Ariel can help you do better., People Magazine, September 24, 1979.

King, P.; No winning through witchcraft here., Amtrack Express, Vol 1:7, July 1981.

Loverock, P.; The Athlete Of The Future: How Sports Scientist are Harnessing The Mechanics Of Motion, The Chemistry Of Strength and The Power Of The Mind., Los Angeles Times Magazine, pp12-46., March 19, 1989.

Lyons, M., Electronics In Action / New Uses For Computers., 321 Contact., October 1982.

Moore, G.; Want a better athlete? Now scientists can build one for you., US Magazine, pp. 60-63, May 1977.

Moore, K.; Gideon Ariel and his magic machine., Sports Illustrated, pp. 53-60, August 1977.

Stewart, D.M.; Coached By Computer., American Way Magazine., November 1982.

Stuller, J.; Sports Scientists Train Athletes To Defy Limits., Smithsonian., July 1980.

Visserr, L.; Switched-On Sports., The Boston Globe, December 15, 1978.

Zullo, A.; Mode: Sports., Sky - Delta Air Lines Magazine., July 1982.

Swimming

McLean, S.P., Beckett, K.D., Vint, P.F. and Kendrick, E., An Investigation Of Adding A Step-Up Approach To A Swimming Relay Start. Presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Atlanta, Georgia. October 17-19, 1996.

Mazur, S.; Sports' emerging heroes reach pinnacles of power through science., OMNI, July 1980.

Tennis

Amdur, N.; Can computers teach tennis. World Tennis March:, pg 35-37, 1979.

Ariel, G.B., Biomechanical analysis of ballistic vs. tracking movements in tennis skills. Proceedings of a National Symposium on The Racquet Sports, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105-123, 1979.

Jaroff, L. Teaching tennis to toads. Time October 16:84, 1989.

Schechter, B.; A laboratory for jocks., Discover Magazine, February 1981.

McKean, K.; No Fault Tennis Calls., Discover., December 1982.

Track & Field

Ariel, G.B., Computer analysis of track biomechanics. Track Technique, 50: 1597-1598, 1972.

Ariel, G.B., Computerized biomechanical analysis of track and field athletes utilized by the Olympic Training Camp for throwing events. Track and Field Quarterly Review, 72: 99-103, 1972.

Hersh, B.; Dr. Ariel's Revolutionary Computerized Biomechanics., Track & Field News, December 1977.

Volleyball

Ariel, G.B., Saar, D., Penny, M.A.; A Computerized Formation Analysis of the Women Volleyball World Cup Championship in Japan., Presented at American College of Sport Medicine conference, Montreal, May 1983.

Brassey, L.; California Dreamin', The Olympian., May 1981.

Pantiel, M., Petersen, B.; Getting as fit as an Olympian., Family Computing., August 1984.

Unknown; Computer-built Champions: The extraordinary story of the American women's volleyball team., Sport & Leisure., November/December 1984.

Unknown; Leap ahead with biomechanics, Science Now, Vol 1:5, pp. 136-139. 1982.

Weight Lifting

Prassas, S. & Fulton, K.; A kinematic analysis of jerk technique in olympic weightlifting. In A. Barabas & G. Fabian (Eds.), Biomechanics in Sports XII, (pp. 371-374), ISBS, Budapest-Siofok, Budapest. 1995.

Ward, P.; Can Computers Build Muscle?, Muscle & Fitness Magazine, pp. 124-127, 234-238. August 1993.



If you are unable to locate a particular article in your library, please send us a request via E-mail. We would be happy to assist you in obtaining a hard copy of articles based on research using the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) and Computerized Exercise System (CES).



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