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2.1 Information from Gait Analysis

Information from gait analysis

Indication of gait analysis

Hardware requirement for gait analysis or Level of gait analysis that can be achieved by specific hardware status. (The level means information that can be produced.)

Information from gait analysis

Gait Cycle

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Events  

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Periods

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Phases

Table 3.2.1 Gait Cycle: periods and functions (from Human walking, 2nd Ed)

Information from gait analysis

Time and distance parameters

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Gait velocity

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Stride/step/stance/double support duration

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Percent duration of each phase 

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Cadence

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Stride length, step length, step width

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(add more items and detailed description)

Kinematic information 

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Joint angles based on real time/gait event

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Pelvis and feet orientation based on real time/gait event

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Pathway of center of gravity (CoG) based on real time/gait event

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Angle-angle diagrams: e.g. hip-knee diagrams

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Position and orientation data to be used to inverse dynamic calculation

Kinetic (dynamic) information

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Joint torque (= moment): usually internal torque (= moment)

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Joint power: implementing concentric/eccentric contraction level

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Raw ground reaction force as vector in 3D space

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Raw ground reaction moment as vector in 3D space

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Position and movement of center of pressure (CoP)

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Energetics of gait

Other clinical useful information - we may make a secret of these until we get it.

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Length of Individual muscle (to be verified)

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Toe clearance index or functional (dynamic) leg length (to be developed)

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Jump knee index (to be developed)

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... ... ... ...

Indication of gait analysis

Any conditions which will influence the bipedal walking and/or result in pathologic/abnormal gait

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Amputee (1-2)

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Cerebral Palsy (25%)

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Club foot (1-2%)

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Diabetes (15%)

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Head injury (10%) 

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Misc. Orthopedic conditions (5%)

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Post-polio (3-4)

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Stroke (40%)

     <Ref: cga-L: Dx Previously Seen in Frazier Rehab Center (FRC) Lab, G. Rash>

Hardware requirement for gait analysis or Level of gait analysis that can be achieved by specific hardware status. (The level means information that can be produced.)

Camera

Forceplate

Level of gait analysis

Kinematics

Kinetics

Joint center estimation

Remarks

1

0,1 or 2

Unilateral 2D (sagittal) 

none, uni 2D

2D marker position

Bilateral 2D (sagittal)

none, uni, or bi 2D

Visual estimation

2

0,1 or 2

Bilateral 2D

none, uni, or bi 2D

2D marker position

Unilateral 3D

none, uni 3D

3D marker position

Bilateral 3D

none, uni, or bi 3D

Visual estimation

Bilateral 3D

none, uni, or bi 3D

Hybrid 

LCS (+)

3

0,1 or 2

Same levels of 2 camera systems

4

0,1 or 2

Bilateral 3D

none, uni- or bilateral

HHo, HHm by Sun

hands on belly

5

0,1 or 2

Bilateral 3D

none, uni- or bilateral

HHo,HHm,KVo, KVm,Sun

hands on belly

6

0,1 or 2

Bilateral 3D

none, uni- or bilateral

HHo,HHm,KVo, KVm,Sun

no limitation

* Inverse dynamic calculation will not be so accurate because the joint center is not real but only the position of external marker.

** Bilateral kinetics can be done if one has one more force plates.

*** Dynamic EMG and Oxygen consumption meter were not included because they can be incorporated in any levels of hardware setting.

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