File extensions

Categories

Appendix

File extentions

The 3Dkin program creates seperate files for each calculated parameter. Using the output name the file extention is identifying the type of parameter.

Calculated parameters assoiciated with file extention:

jml/jmr - Joint moment left/right leg

jfl/jfr - Joint force left/right leg

jal/jar - Joint angle left/right leg

lvl/lvr - Linear velocity left/right leg

lal/lar - Linear acceleration left/right leg

avl/avr - Angular velocity left/right leg

aal/aar - Angular acceleration left/right leg

eal/ear - Euler angle left/right leg

aml/amr - Angular momentum left/right leg

File format

All files created with the 3Dkin program are text files, and can be open with fx. wordpad or any other text editor.

The following listing determine the row name in each parameter file.

Joint moment file (Extention: jmr/jml)(Units: Nm)

1. Ankle moment plantar/dorsi flextion
2. Ankle moment eversion/inversion
3. Ankle moment flextion/extention
4. Knee flextion/extention
5. Knee abduction/adduction
6. Knee internal/external rotation
7. Hip moment flextion/extention
8. Hip moment abduction/adduction
9. Hip moment internal/external rotation

Joint force file (Extention: jfr/jfl) (Units: N)

1. Ankle proximal/distal force
2. Ankle medial/lateral force
3. Ankle anterior/posterior force
4. Knee proximal/distal force
5. Knee medial/lateral force
6. Knee anterior/posterior force
7. Hip proximal/distal force
8. Hip medial/lateral force
9. Hip anterior/posterior force

Joint angle (Extention: jar/jal) (Units: deg)

1. Ankle platar/dorsiflextion
2. Ankle varus/valgus
3. Ankle eversion/inversion
4. Knee flextion/extention
5. Knee abduction/adduction
6. Knee internal/external rotation
7. Hip flextion/extention
8. Hip abduction/adduction
9. Hip internal/external rotation

Linear acceleration (Extention: lar/lal) (Units: m/s²)

1. Foot X
2. Foot Y
3. Foot Z
4. Calf X
5. Calf Y
6. Calf Z
7. Thigh X
8. Thigh Y
9. Thigh Z

Linear velocity (Extention: lvr/lvl) (Units: m/s)

1. Foot X
2. Foot Y
3. Foot Z
4. Calf X
5. Calf Y
6. Calf Z
7. Thigh X
8. Thigh Y
9. Thigh Z

Angular velocity (Extention: avr/avl) (Units: deg/s)

1. Foot X
2. Foot Y
3. Foot Z
4. Calf X
5. Calf Y
6. Calf Z
7. Thigh X
8. Thigh Y
9. Thigh Z

Angular acceleration (Extention: aar/aal) (Units: deg/s²)

1. Foot X
2. Foot Y
3. Foot Z
4. Calf X
5. Calf Y
6. Calf Z
7. Thigh X
8. Thigh Y
9. Thigh Z

Euler angle (Extention: ear/eal) (Units: rad)

1. Foot phi
2. Foot theta
3. Foot psi
4. Calf phi
5. Calf theta
6. Calf psi
7. Thigh phi
8. Thigh theta
9. Thigh psi

Angular momentum (Extention: amr/aml)

1. Foot X
2. Foot Y
3. Foot Z
4. Calf X
5. Calf Y
6. Calf Z
7. Thigh X
8. Thigh Y
9. Thigh Z

Exporting or importing data

When the results has to be analysed or a presentation has to be created, the results can easely be imported into Excel, Sigmaplot or other graphing programs. All data file type is text files wich most graphing or statistical programs can import.

Recomended reading

Vaughan, C.L. Davis, B.L. O'Conner, J.C. (1992) Dynamics of human gait. Human kinetics publishers. (Book)

Comments: This book is the basic of the 3Dkin program. But due to some error in the calculation in the euler angles this part has been modified.

Grood, E.S., Suntay, W.J., (1983) A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: Application to the knee. Journal of Biomechanics Engineering, 105, 136-144.

Comments: This article give the background information on how the joint coordinate system (as a model) is created

Winter D. (1988) The Biomechanics of motor control and human gait. Waterloo: Waterloo Press.

Comments: This is a book on 2D but give a solid understanding on kinetics of human movement and many other aspects.

Kadaba, M.P., Ramakrishnan, H.K., Wootten, M.E. (1990) Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Journal of Othhopaedic Research, 8, 383-392.

Comments: This is an article for 3D kinematics of lower extremity. In the article they use a different marker configuration called the Helen Hayes marker setup.

Verstrate, M.C., (1991) A technique for locating the center of mass and principal axes of the lower limb. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. Dec, 825-831.

Comments: This article explains a different technique for locating ridgid body CM and principal axes of the lower extremity than used in the 3Dkin program.

Tupling, S.J., Pierrynowski, M.R., (1987) Use of cardan angles to locate rigid bodies in three-dimensional space. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 25, 527-532.

Comments: This article describes how a ridgid body can be located in 3D space, focusing on the issues of cardan/euler angles.

Three dimensional analysis of movement (1995)- Human kinetics publishers. (Book)

Comments: This book gives a detailed description of all aspects in 3D human movement.

Kadaba, M.P., Ramakrishnan, H.K., Wootten, M.E., Gainey, J., Gorton, G., Cochram, G.V.B. (1989) Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. Journal of Othhopaedic Research, 8, 383-392.

Comments: This is an article evaluates the repeatability of lower extremity kinetics, kinematics and EMG.

Medline search

In the search for literature the internet can provide a free search database. PubMed is a free medline literature database. Most common jurnals on biomechanical issues are included. Follow the link.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed

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